SAP FICO ইন্টারভিউ প্রশ্ন

To control the data that needs to be entered at the time of the creation of a master record an account group is used. Account group exist for the definition of GL account, Customer Master and Vendor.

Payment terms are created in the configuration and determine the payment due date for vendor/customer invoice. They are stored on the customer or vendor master record and are pulled through onto the customer/vendor invoice postings. The due date can be changed on each individual invoice if required.

Business areas are organizational units that track specific operations for internal reporting. This helps to generate separate financial statements for better performance analysis, decision-making, and management of diverse business segments. It is especially useful in large companies using systems like SAP FI. They offer segmented financial clarity, improve strategic insights, and enable focused resource allocation. This helps them move beyond just company-wide reports to detailed operational views.

The other modules to which ‘Financial Accounting’ is integrated are a) Sales and Distribution b) Material Management c) Human Resource d) Production Planning e) Controlling of financial transaction

The major components of Chart of Accounts are: a) Chart of account key b) Name c) Maintain Language d) Length GL account number e) Controlling Integration f) Consolidation-Group chart of accounts g) Block indicator

In certain companies, especially the one dealing with high cash transactions, it is not practical to create new master records for every vendor trading partner. One time vendors allows a dummy vendor code to be used on invoice entry and also the information which is usually stored in the vendor master.

The organizational elements in SAP FI are: a) Company Code b) Business Area c) Chart of Account d) Functional Area

SAP system does not know what is broken fiscal year e.g April 2012 to March 2013 and only understand the calendar year. If, for any business, the fiscal year is not a calendar year but the combination of the different months of two different calendar year and then one of the calendar year has to classified as a fiscal year for SAP and the month falling in another year has to be adjusted into the fiscal year by shifting the year by using the sign -1 or +1. This shift in the year is known as ‘year shift’. Example: April 2012 to Dec 2012 is our first calendar year, and Jan 2013 to March 2013 is our second year, now if you are taking April-12 to Dec-12 as your fiscal year, then Jan-13 to March-13 automatically becomes the second year, and you have to adjust this year by using -1 shift, and vice versa if the scenario is reversed, here you will use +1 shift.

To generate financial statements like Profit and Loss statement , Balance sheets etc. company code is used.

To immune your company from the risk of bad debts and multiple outstanding receivable, you can set a credit limit for your customer by using credit control area in SAP. With the help of SAP, you can block the deliveries to your customer based on the credit limit and the accounts receivable balance in their account which is maintained by you.

FSV (Financial Statement Version) is a reporting tool. It can be used to extract final accounts from SAP like Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. The multiple FSV’s can be used for generating the output of various external agencies like Banks and other statutory authorities.

In order to determine the transaction type which is entered in the line item, a two digit numerical is used known as ‘Posting Key’ Posting key determines a) Account Types b) Types of posting. Debit or Credit c) Field status of transaction

SAP FICO stands for FI ( Financial Accounting) and CO (controlling). In SAP FICO, SAP FI take cares about accounting, preparation of financial statements, tax computations etc, while SAP CO take cares of inter orders, cost sheet, inventory sheet, cost allocations etc. It is the software that stores data, and also computes them and retrieves the result based on the current marketing scenario. SAP FICO prevents data lost and also does the verification and reporting of data.

The Controlling Area is the organisational unit for cost accounting in CO. One controlling area can contain multiple company codes (cross-company-code cost accounting). The controlling area defines the CO currency, fiscal year variant, and chart of accounts used in CO. All CO objects (cost centres, internal orders, WBS) belong to one controlling area.

12 Normal posting period and 4 special periods are in the fiscal year which can be used for posting tax and audit adjustments to a closed fiscal year.

In a year dependent fiscal year variant, the number of days in a month is not as per the calendar month. For example, in year 2005, month January end on 29 th , month Feb ends on 26 th etc.

‘Field status groups’ control the fields which come up when the user does the transactions. In FIGL (Financial General Ledger) master, the field status group is stored.

The organizational structure forms the backbone for financial reporting. It represents a company's legal and financial setup in the SAP system, with key elements like the Client, Company Code, Chart of Accounts, Business Area, Chart of Depreciation, and Profit Center. This ensures the integration with other modules like Controlling for comprehensive financial management.

A Parked Document is saved incompletely, updates totals in FI, is visible in reports, can be changed by others, and triggers workflow for approval. A Held Document is a temporary save for the same user only - it does NOT update account balances or totals, is not visible in reports, and has no document number assigned permanently.

Cash discount is a reduction in invoice value for early payment, controlled by Payment Terms (configured in OBB8 ). Two methods: Net method (discount posted at invoice time, reversed if not taken), Gross method (discount posted at payment time). Most companies use gross method. Discount G/L accounts assigned in OBB1 .